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Whitepaper #105 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research; infrastructure/workforce/other programmatic. Additional topics: solar physics; research tools and infrastructure.
The operation of the solar dynamo remains an outstanding problem of solar physics owing to continuing uncertainty in the speed and structure of deep-seated convective flows. We discuss the relationship between this aspect of convection and the dynamo. We suggest that observations of the solar poles, coupled with theory and simulation are vital to attain new perspectives on the dynamo.