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Whitepaper #242 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research. Additional topics: planetary ionospheres / upper atmospheres; system science.
Mesoscale processes impact atmosphere-geospace in fundamental ways. Capturing the interactions among different scales self-consistently on a system level requires a whole atmosphere modeling approach. Resolving mesoscale to global scales in such models will become feasible with exascale computing. We discuss the necessity, model readiness, and strategies to address key challenges in this effort.