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Whitepaper #403 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: space weather applications. Additional topics: space weather research/applications/operations pipeline; other space weather.
Relativistic electrons and highly penetrating ion radiation can cause substantial economic impact and are hazardous for astronauts in space. Protecting the nation’s infrastructure from adverse particle radiation effects requires a community-wide systems solution employing a distributed spacecraft constellation, capable ground-based operations, and comprehensive data-driven modeling infrastructure.