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Whitepaper #417 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research. Additional topics: inner heliosphere; solar physics; space-based missions/projects.
In order to solve the coronal heating problem and understand the formation of the solar wind, in situ, ground truth measurements must be made in the magnetically closed-corona. We envision Huygens Probes at the Sun: a series of expendable, small satellites that take in situ measurements in the closed-field corona, which are released from a parent spacecraft orbiting near to the Sun.