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Whitepaper #447 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research. Additional topics: other basic research; ground-based missions/projects; inner heliosphere; space-based missions/projects.
The wind dynamo is the essential cause of ionospheric electrodynamics, driving ionospheric variability on various spatial-temporal scales at low- and mid-latitudes. In order to advance the heliosphere science in the new decade for characterizing and forecasting ionospheric variability, substantial observational and modeling efforts are needed with a focus on the wind dynamo and its drivers.