Atmospheric heating due to small-scale events in the flux emerging region

We investigate the thermal, kinematic and magnetic structure of small-scale heating events in a flux emerging region (FER). We use high-resolution and multi-line observations (including Ca II 854.2 nm, Ca II K, and Fe I 630.1 nm line pair) of a FER located close to the disk center from the CRISP and CHROMIS instruments at the Swedish Solar Telescope. We perform non-LTE inversions of multiple spectral lines to infer the temperature, velocity, and magnetic field structure of the heating events. Additionally, we utilize the data-driven Coronal Global Evolutionary Model to simulate the evolution of the 3D magnetic field configuration above the events and understand their dynamics. Furthermore, we analyze the differential emission measure to gain insights into the heating of the coronal plasma in the FER. Our analysis reveals the presence of numerous small-scale heating events in the FER, primarily located at PILs of bipolar structures. These events not only heat the lower atmosphere but also significantly heat the corona. The data-driven simulation, along with the observed enhancement of current density and Poynting flux, suggest that magnetic reconnection in the lower atmosphere is likely responsible for the observed heating at these sites.