The Formation of Double Hot Jupiter Systems Through ZLK Migration

The von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai (ZLK) mechanism, followed by tidal migration, has been demonstrated as an effective formation avenue to produce hot Jupiters in stellar binary systems. Previous studies have largely focused on applying this mechanism to systems comprised of only three bodies. However, since stars in a binary system form in similar environments with comparable metallicities, we may expect that the conditions for forming a single hot Jupiter in such a system would imply that the conditions are more likely met for the secondary star, as well. To study the rate of double hot Jupiter production in binary systems, we investigate the ZLK mechanism with tidal friction as a mechanism to evolve Jovian planets on s-type orbits around both stars. Using the N-body integrator REBOUND, we quantify the expected influence of a fourth mass in a three-body system undergoing ZLK migration. We then examine the robustness of this mechanism to asymmetries in system parameters such as stellar masses, planet masses, and planets’ mutual inclinations relative to the binary plane. Drawing from an isotropic set of planet inclinations and incorporating the influence of potential asymmetries, we use our simulation results to infer the success rate of double hot Jupiter formation through ZLK migration.